The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) is a (physical) domain which, from which and through which all military, military-supported and asymmetric missions are performed.
Actions in the EMS can have digital, kinetic and human effects and consequences. After air, land, sea and space, the Electromagnetic Spectrum has become a key domain and enabler for cyber warfare and space activities too. The capability to master the spectrum and to achieve spectrum superiority will lead to the domination of all domains of warfare, including cyberspace.
Military strategists, defence planners, and the men and women of the armed forces face a much more complex task than ever before in deciding how to imagine, prepare for and execute future conflicts while protecting and optimizing access to the EMS.
Therefore, future warfare in 21st century will see the electromagnetic spectrum as a contested and congested resource for which silent battles will be conducted. A novel discipline, named Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO), is growing, aiming identify, organize and disseminate concepts of operations, User requirements, doctrine, resources, materiel and technologies which will enable Electromagnetic Spectrum Dominance in peace time, crisis and conflict.
